• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    "BRUNIMENTO METHOD AND BRUNIR TOOL". Honing method for machining the inside area of a drilling in a tool with the aid of a honing operation, especially for honing cylinder bearing areas when producing cylinder blocks or cylinder liners for alternative piston engines. During a honing operation, an expandable tool is moved to produce an alternate movement in an axial direction of the drilling up and down and, simultaneously, rotated to produce a rotation movement superimposed on the lifting movement. A bottle-shaped form of drilling is then produced, which then has a first segment of drilling with a first diameter, a distance from the drilling entrance, a second drilling segment with a second diameter, which is larger than the drilling entrance. than the first diameter, and between the first and the second drilling segment, a transition segment with a transition from the first diameter to the second diameter. In an honing operation, an annular tool (200) is used, which features at least one annular cutting group (220) with several radially advancing cutting material bodies, distributed around the periphery of a tool body, which are equipped with segments broad honing in the peripheral direction and narrow in the axial direction.
    公开号:BR112015023549B1
    申请号:R112015023549-2
    申请日:2014-03-10
    公开日:2021-02-02
    发明作者:Fabio Antonio Xavier；Oliver Bachmann；Florian Kranichsfeld；Herbert Rauscher
    申请人:Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND
    [001] The present invention relates to a honing method for machining the inside area of a bore in a workpiece with the aid of at least one honing operation as per the preamble of claim 1, as well as a honing tool as the preamble of claim 6, which can be used when performing the honing method. A preferred application area is the honing of cylinder bearing areas when producing cylinder blocks or cylinder liners for reciprocating piston engines.
    [002] Cylinder liners in cylinder blocks (cylinder crank housings) or cylinder liners of internal combustion engines or other alternative piston engines are exposed to a strong tribological demand in operation. For this reason, when producing cylinder blocks or cylinder liners it is important to machine these cylinder stroke areas in such a way that, subsequently, in all operating conditions, sufficient lubrication is guaranteed by a film of lubricant and kept so reduced as much as possible the frictional resistance between parts moving relatively to each other.
    [003] The final machining that determines the quality of these tribologically requestable internal areas occurs, as a rule, with appropriate honing methods, which typically comprise several successive honing operations. Honing is a method of lifting chips with geometrically indeterminate cuts. During a honing operation, an expandable honing tool is moved up and down or reciprocating within the hole to be machined to produce an alternate movement in axial direction of the hole with a stroke frequency and simultaneously rotated with a rotation frequency to produce a rotation movement superimposed on the lifting movement. The cutting material bodies disposed in the honing tool are pressed against the internal area to be machined by a feed system with a feed force acting radially to the tool axis. When burnishing, a typical cross grinding pattern with interlocking machining traces results in the internal area, which are also called "burnishing grooves".
    [004] With increasing demands for economy and environmental compatibility of engines, the optimization of the tribological system of piston stroke area / pistons / piston rings is of particular significance, in order to obtain low friction, low wear and low oil consumption. The friction fraction of the plunger group can matter by up to 35%, so that friction reduction in this area is desirable.
    [005] Different proposals are accompanied to reduce the mechanical losses of an engine. This includes, among others, the use of thermally injected cylinder stroke areas, the use of coated plunger rings, the development of specially optimized honing surfaces, etc.
    [006] One technology, which has grown in importance for the reduction of friction and wear, is to avoid or reduce distortions of cylinders or deformations of the engine block (cylinder crankcase) when assembling and / or in operation. After conventional honing machining, a cylinder bore should typically have a bore shape that diverges as little as possible, for example, at most within a few micrometers, from an ideal circular cylinder shape. During assembly or operation of the engine, however, there can be clear errors in shape, which can import up to several hundredths of a millimeter and reduce the performance of the engine. The causes of distortions or deformations are diverse. It may be static or quasi-static thermal and / or mechanical loads or dynamic stresses. The construction and design of cylinder blocks also have an influence on the tendency to deformation. The sealing function of the segment ring package is typically impaired by these difficult to control deformations, which can increase blow-by, oil consumption and friction.
    [007] To reduce problems due to distortions during assembly or in certain operational circumstances, it was proposed, for example, in DE 28 10 322 C2 to deform the engine block in such a way for machining of honing with the aid of a clamping device that the subsequent deformation is simulated by the engine head. In the deformed state, which corresponds to the state present after the assembly, honing machining takes place to produce a circular cylindrical perforation form, which must then emerge again after assembly.
    [008] Another technology, which must guarantee or approximate, by an inversion of the cylinder distortion (production of a negative form of the error) when machining, the appearance of an ideal form after assembly or in the operational state of the engine, is the so-called shape tuning. A non-deformed workpiece is then produced by honing a form of perforation that is definitely divergent from the circular cylinder force, for example, a clover leaf shape. Such perforation forms are, as a rule, asymmetrical, because the deformations of the cylinder block are also usually not symmetrical. In the operational state, then, a circular cylinder shape is as ideal as possible, so that the segment ring package can well seal throughout the periphery of the perforation. Several variants of the honing form are described, for example, in EP 1 790 435 B1 and in the current state of the art mentioned therein. OBJECTIVE AND ACHIEVEMENT
    [009] It is an objective of the present invention to make available a honing method according to the genre and a honing tool, which can be used at the time of its realization, to produce alternative piston motors, which have better properties with respect to friction losses. , oil consumption and "blowby".
    [0010] To achieve this objective, the invention provides a honing method with the characteristics of claim 1. In addition, a honing tool with the characteristics of claim 6 is provided, which can be used within the scope of the honing method.
    [0011] Other advantageous executions are indicated in the dependent claims. The content of all claims is integrated with the content of the description by reference.
    [0012] In the honing method, a bottle-shaped perforation is produced, that is, a bottle-shaped perforation. A "bottle-shaped perforation" has a first drilling segment with a first diameter directly after a drilling inlet, a second drilling segment with a second diameter, which is larger than the first diameter, away from the drilling inlet. , and between the first and the second drilling segment a transition segment with a transition from the first diameter to the second diameter. The first drilling segment and the second drilling segment are, as a rule, basic circular cylindrical in shape and lie coaxially with each other. The transition segment can be executed partially conical and at its ends facing the outer drilling segments present transitions respectively with appropriate radii for the neighboring drilling segments.
    [0013] With proper projection of the bottle macroform, essential advantages can be obtained in relation to friction reduction, reduced blow-by as well as reduced oil consumption. In addition, improvements in wear resistance of the segment ring package and positive influences on the development of noise during operation can result. In the first, relatively narrower drilling segment, close to the drilling entrance, therefore in the "bottle neck", an essential part of combustion takes place in an internal combustion engine. An eventual high oil supply in this segment could lead to problems with oil emission and consumption. In this first, narrower drilling segment, the segment ring package may well fulfill its conventional functions (especially the flue gas seal as well as the scraping of the oil film in the return movement) due to the relatively high annular stress. Through the combustion pressure waves, the plunger accelerates in the first drilling segment and reaches the transition segment with a gradually larger diameter. In the transition segment, the segment tension is reduced by increasing the diameter. As here, however, there is already a considerable piston speed and the internal pressure in the cylinder compartment yields, "blowby", oil consumption value and engine noise emission are not disadvantageously influenced. Thanks to suitable radii between the transition segment and the first and second drilling segments contiguous there, smooth entry and exit of the segment rings in the transition segment can be obtained, so that segment wear or clamping of the motor can be avoided. In the downward motion, the ring segment after passing through the transition segment, when entering the second drilling segment, reaches its lowest fixation, so that there, where the piston reaches its maximum speed, the loss of friction is automatically reduced .
    [0014] Within the honing method, which leads to a bottle-shaped perforation with an optimized surface structure, a honing tool that is particularly useful for this purpose is used in at least one honing operation, which is also called here "annular tool" due to its construction. An "annular tool" under this application has at least one annular cutting group with three or more radially adjustable bodies of cutting material, distributed along the periphery of the tool body of the honing tool, which are configured as relatively honing segments. wide in the peripheral direction of the honing tool and relatively narrow in the axial direction of the honing tool. The axial length of the honing segments, measured in the axial direction of the honing tool, is therefore less than the width measured in the peripheral direction, and the axial length of the cutting region configured with bodies of cutting material is less than the diameter. active external tool of the honing tool.
    [0015] When at least three honing segments are provided, then the machining forces can be distributed well and relatively uniformly across the periphery throughout the outer diameter region of the active honing tool, available through the radial feed. For example, in a cutting group, three, exactly four, exactly five or exactly six honing segments of equal or distinct peripheral width can be predicted. More than six honing segments within a cutting group are indeed possible, but they make construction more complicated and are not usually necessary. In many cases, eventually the honing tool has only two honing segments.
    [0016] By radial adjustment (displacement of the honing segments in radial direction when advancing) it can be achieved that the conditions of engagement between the cutting material body and the internal drilling area remain practically constant regardless of the adjusted diameter. By avoiding shifting of the cutting material body during the radial feed, irregular wear can be avoided.
    [0017] These measures can have a positive effect, individually and in combination, on the surface quality obtained, especially in relation to the uniformity of surface quality by different drilling segments.
    [0018] The axial length of the honing segments can, for example, be less than 30% of the active external diameter of the honing tool, especially between 10% and 20% of that external diameter. In annular tools for machining typical cylinder bores in engine blocks for passenger cars or trucks, the axial length can be, for example, in the range of 5 mm to 20 mm. With respect to the drilling length of a hole to be machined, the axial length is typically less than 10% of that honing length. If the upper limits are clearly exceeded, then, as a rule, the possibility for monitoring axial contour or contour production is impaired. In addition, small axial lengths are advantageous for producing sufficient area pressure for machining. On the other hand, a minimum length in axial direction is advantageous to allow a surplus of honing for machining of the drilling ends and to limit a tendency for the honing tool to tilt.
    [0019] Such an annular tool represents an inversion of conventional concepts of the honing tool projection, which assumes that in order to obtain less errors in the shape of a honed perforation, honing tools with relatively long honing bar should be used in axial direction, but relatively small in the peripheral direction. An annular tool is particularly well suited for machining bottle-shaped perforations or in general for perforations with a significantly variable drilling diameter in the axial direction. In an annular cutting group, the cutting material (bonded cutting grains of appropriate granulation, density and hardness) is concentrated in an axially relatively narrow ring, typically more than half the periphery of an annular cutting group can be occupied with medium. cutting and correspondingly actively contribute to material thinning.
    [0020] The cutting region, in which one or more annular cutting groups are located, is short or narrow compared to the active external diameter of the honing tool in axial direction, with which production and / or monitoring is possible of a contour extending in an axial direction.
    [0021] An annular cutting group stands out compared to conventional honing solutions because in the axial segment covered by the annular cutting group there is essentially more contact area between bodies of cutting material and internal drilling area than in a relatively narrow axial segment of a conventional honing tool. In some forms of execution, in a ring cutting group more than 60% of the periphery are covered with cutting means, possibly even more than 70% or more than 80% of the periphery of the honing tool.
    [0022] Preferably, a cutting group is so arranged in the vicinity of an end of the tool body opposite the spindle that the cutting group is located exclusively in the middle of the tool opposite the spindle. When several annular cut groups are envisaged, this condition can apply to all cut groups. An arrangement close to the distant end of the spindle makes it possible, among other machining operations, with a little burnishing excess.
    [0023] When machining the honing tool, the stroke position of the honing tool can be used within the drilling as a conduction quantity, to provide with high local resolution the compression pressure or feed force as a function of the stroke position of the tool. annular cutting group. Thus, it is possible, with the aid of an adjustable annular cutting group, to produce a perforation with axially variable contour or also to accompany an axially variable contour previously produced without undesirable compression force peaks. With the use of an annular tool, in all axial regions of the drilling, it is possible to machine with essentially the same overlap, so that, if necessary, images of roughness or very uniform surface structures can be produced. With the use of an annular tool, it is also possible to machine with very little honing at the axial ends of a bore, without problems of uneven cutting wear.
    [0024] Preferably, an electromechanical cutting group feed system is used. Unlike a hydraulic expansion, a precise provision of the feed path (path control) is thus possible, so that an axial contour can be specifically produced and / or precisely accompanied by a predetermined axial contour.
    [0025] In the honing tool, one or more sensors of a diameter measurement system can be arranged, so that a diameter measurement is possible during the method. For example, between neighboring honing segments on the tool body, measuring nozzles of a pneumatic diameter measuring system can be arranged respectively. In this way, the accuracy of the desired drillable contours can be improved.
    [0026] By using an annular tool, uniform wear of the cutting material bodies and very good values is guaranteed, as well as uniform roughness of the drilling surface throughout the life of the annular cutting group.
    [0027] Different configurations of annular tools are possible, among which a user can select according to the machining task to be accomplished.
    [0028] In some forms of execution, the annular tool has an annular cutting group, whose honing segments can be radially advanced or receded by a single common feed system. Typically, the annular cutting group has three or more honing segments uniformly or non-uniformly distributed across the periphery of the honing tool, usually more than six. Preferably, the single annular cutting group is arranged in the vicinity of the free end of the tool body opposite the spindle, for example, flush with the front side opposite the spindle. Such constructions are especially well suited for machining cylinder bores with reduced burnishing surplus. Such restrictions when machining result, for example, in blind hole drilling or cylinder drilling in engine blocks for monobloc or V engines.
    [0029] It is also possible for an annular cutting group to have two groups of honing segments that can be moved independently of each other, with the honing segments of the groups being alternately arranged in the peripheral direction. This makes it possible to combine the advantages of a single annular cutting group (for example, when machining holes with a short honing surplus) with the advantages of a double feed of two groups of honing segments that are independent of each other. With such a tool, two successive honing operations can be carried out with different cutting materials without an intermediate tool change. The honing segments of a group of honing segments usually have the same cutting edge, while the groups have different cutting edges, for example diamond trim of different grain.
    [0030] It is also possible for an annular tool to have a first annular cutting group and at least a second annular cutting group, which is arranged axially offset to the first annular cutting group and can be advanced independently of the first cutting group cancel. Thus, two successive honing operations are also possible with different cutting materials without an intermediate tool change. As the different cutting materials are distributed over at least two axially displaced annular cutting groups, which can respectively cover a large part of the honing tool's periphery, particularly high buffing yields are possible here in both honing operations or relatively short burnishing times. Such annular tools can be used for all perforations, which allow a sufficient honing surplus. With two or more annular cutting groups, it is also particularly possible to bridge pulsating windows or transversal perforations or drilling interruptions of all kinds. Such an annular tool preferably has precisely two annular cutting groups, with which, despite its simple structure, flexible use is possible.
    [0031] In preferred embodiments, an integrated joint, movable in several axes, for example, a spherical joint or a carded joint, is provided in the tool body. Thus, machine position errors or a drilling core offset can be compensated without changing the position of the drilling. Examples of execution without articulation are also possible. Such annular tools can be rigidly coupled to a honing spindle or a drive bar rigidly coupled to the honing spindle.
    [0032] The bottle shape of the perforation can be produced by any machining method with appropriate chip lifting, for example, by fine turning (fine spindle adjustment), therefore with the aid of a machining method with geometrically determined cut, or by honing. This can be followed by one or more honing operations to obtain the desired drilling geometry with the appropriate surface structure.
    [0033] Preferably, initially, by fine turning or honing, a perforation with a circular cylindrical perforation is produced, and then, in a bottle honing operation with axially variable honing roughing, a bottle-shaped perforation is produced. In comparison with fine turning, surfaces with particularly uniform surface quality can be produced by honing without continuous strokes. The uniformity of the surface material also contributes to the uniformity of the surface quality. When honing is possible, continuous monitoring of the method is possible.
    [0034] In a variant of the method, in the operation of honing in a bottle an honing tool that can be expanded with at least one annular cutting group is used, therefore an annular tool. Cutting group honing segments are then advanced radially outward in a downward stroke in correspondence to the bottle shape as a function of the stroke position, controlled in path and / or in force, and in an upward stroke radially returned in correspondence to the shape bottle depending on the stroke position. Thanks to this machining variant, a relatively smooth contouring immediately results in the particularly difficult machining transition segment.
    [0035] Alternatively, it is also possible that in the bottle honing operation a honing tool with honing bars is employed, the length of which matters more than 50% of the length of the perforation. The length of the honing bar can import, for example, between 50% and 80% of the length of the perforation. In the honing operation in the bottle, then, in a first stage, the honing tool is moved up and down or reciprocating in a first honing position between an upper and a lower inversion point, to carry out the drilling initially in its entire length to a circular cylindrical shape. Then, in a second phase, the upper inversion point is increased, that is, varied by several strokes towards the lower inversion point, so that the stroke length is gradually reduced. This results in an extension of the stroke position towards a second stroke position, which is located in the region of the second drilling segment. Then, in a third stage, the honing tool is reciprocated in the second stroke position. In this method variant, the basic shape of the transition segment results essentially during the second phase of the gradual extension of the stroke position and reduction of the stroke height, while simultaneously and also in the third phase, an increase in diameter is still produced in the second segment of drilling.
    [0036] When the honing operation in bottle is carried out by means of a honing tool with a relatively long honing bar, a relatively rough surface structure with a profile similar to a saw profile may appear in the transition segment. In order to obtain the desired uniform surface structure also in the transition segment, therefore, preferably, after the honing operation in bottle, a honing operation is carried out to smooth the perforation profile in the transition region, being used in the honing operation. smoothing tool an annular tool, therefore an honing tool that can be expanded with at least one annular cutting group. With the aid of the annular tool, grooves or burrs in the transition segment can be eliminated and the radii of the transition segment rounded.
    [0037] It turned out to be advantageous that, during the smoothing honing operation, the cutting bodies of the annular cutting group are pressed with constant force of advance against the internal area of the drilling. This is achieved, in some method variants, by the fact that a honing machine with a hydraulic feed system is used for the annular tool. The follow-up of the contour of the bottle-shaped perforation by the honing segments of the ring tool can then already result from the resilience of the hydraulic expansion conditioned by the type of construction.
    [0038] The invention also relates to a honing tool, which is especially suitable for carrying out the honing method, but can also be used in other honing methods not in accordance with the invention.
    [0039] The invention also relates to a workpiece with at least one perforation, which has a burnished internal area, the perforation being a bottle-shaped perforation, which after a perforation inlet has a first segment of drilling with a first diameter, distant from the drilling entrance a second drilling segment with a second diameter, which is larger than the first diameter, and between the first and the second drilling segment a transition segment with a continuous transition from the first for the second diameter, the workpiece was machined using a honing tool according to the invention.
    [0040] Especially, as for the workpiece, it can be a cylinder block or a cylinder liner for an alternative piston engine. As for the alternative piston engine, it is, for example, an internal combustion engine or a compressor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0041] Figure 1 - shows a schematic longitudinal section through a cylinder-shaped cylinder perforation in an engine block;
    [0042] Figure 2 - shows in 2A a longitudinal section through an execution of an annular tool with simple expansion of a single annular cutting group as well as in 2B a cross section through a cutting group;
    [0043] Figure 3 - shows in 3A a longitudinal section through an execution of an annular tool with a double expansion of a single annular cutting group as well as in 3B a cross section through the cutting group;
    [0044] Figure 4 - shows in 4A a longitudinal section through an execution of an annular tool with a double expansion of two overlapping annular cutting groups as well as in 4B a cross section through one of the cutting groups;
    [0045] Figure 5 - shows schematically a longitudinal cut through a perforation, which is machined by means of a honing tool with a relatively long honing bar;
    [0046] Figure 6 - shows schematically the stroke position of a honing tool with a long honing bar as a function of the honing time t when the honing operation in the bottle;
    [0047] Figure 7 - shows a measurement diagram of a rounded profile of a cylinder in the shape of a bottle after the use of an annular tool.
    [0048] Figure 8 - shows a schematic diagram, showing the dependence of the stroke position HP (solid line) and the expansion position AP (dashed line) as a function of the honing time t in a second execution example. DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EXECUTION EXAMPLES
    [0049] The following will describe examples of execution of honing methods and honing tools, which can be used in the scope of execution of the invention in the machining with material roughing of workpieces, which have one or more perforations, which must have the macroform of a bottle in the ready machined state.
    [0050] Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through such a bottle-shaped perforation 110 in a workpiece 100 in the form of an engine block (cylinder crankcase) for an internal combustion engine. The perforation is symmetrical in rotation with respect to its drilling axis 112 and extends through a perforation length L of a perforation inlet 114 facing the cylinder head in the assembled state to a perforation outlet 116 at the opposite end. The perforation can be subdivided into three segments contiguous with each other, which present a smooth transition between them, that is, without the formation of steps or edges.
    [0051] A first drilling segment 120 at the end of the inlet side has a first diameter D1 and a first length L1. At the opposite end, on the outlet side, a second drilling segment 130 extends a second length L2, the internal diameter of which (second diameter) D2 is greater than the first diameter D1. Between the first drilling segment 120 and the second drilling segment 130 there is a partially conical transition segment 140, in which there is a continuous transition from the first diameter to the second diameter. Between the essentially conical middle part of the transition segment and the first drilling segment a first radius R1 is formed, while between the transition segment and the second drilling segment a second radius R2 is formed. The radii R1 and R2 can be essentially the same, but it is also possible that the first ray is smaller or more than the second ray.
    [0052] With typical drilling geometries, the first length L1 can import, for example, between 15% and 40% of the drilling length L. The second length L2 is typically longer than the first length and is often between 40% and 60% of the drilling length L. The transition segment is normally relatively short compared to the adjacent drilling segments. Typical third L3 lengths can be in the range of 5% to 20% of the drilling length L. Differences in these geometric relationships are also possible.
    [0053] The difference in diameter between the first diameter D1 and the second diameter D2 is clearly outside the typical tolerances for honing machining, which are situated for a cylinder shape in the order of magnitude of a maximum of 10 μm (with respect to to the diameter). With an absolute value of the internal diameter in the order of magnitude between 70 mm and 150 mm, the difference in diameter can be, for example, between 20 μm and 90 μm.
    [0054] The radii R1, R2, the lengths of the outer drilling segments and the transition segment and the tangent angle T between the drilling axis and a tangent in the transition segment can be so optimized that they result in states typical engine operating conditions, less blow-by, less oil consumption and less wear on ring segments.
    [0055] The bottle shape of the perforation makes the perforation in the region close to the inlet to be relatively narrow, so that the piston segment rings running through the perforation are pressed with high annular tension against the internal perforation area 118. Thus , where combustion occurs fundamentally and high pressures arise, a reliable seal is obtained and the oil film is scraped downward. The piston accelerated by combustion then moves towards the exit of the drilling, with the segment rings initially crossing the transition segment with the internal diameter continuously enlarged and then the second drilling segment (partially). In the transition segment, the segment rings can gradually stretch, the seal remaining sufficient, because the pressure difference in the segment rings falls. At the beginning of the drilling segment, the segment ring package reaches its minimum tension, so that precisely in the region of maximum piston speed, friction losses are reduced due to reduced ring tension. When ascending, the ring tension increases again as soon as the segment rings reach the radius of the transition segment on the outlet side and cross it in the direction of the first drilling segment.
    [0056] A fine machining method, which can economically produce in such a high quality perforation both with respect to the macroform (bottle shape) as well as with respect to the surface structure of the internal drilling area tribologically requested, comprises, in shapes of execution of the invention, at least one honing operation, in which a honing tool of special construction is used, which in this application is also called "annular tool". An annular tool has at least one cutting group arranged in a ring shape on the tool body with bodies of cutting material distributed around the periphery of the tool body, which can be advanced in radial direction by means of an associated feed system or indented. The cutting bodies are configured as burnishing segments, the width of which in the peripheral direction is clearly greater than its length in the axial direction. The cutting material bodies competent for roughing material on the workpiece are concentrated in a relatively narrow axial area (a ring of the cutting group) and occupy a relatively large fraction of the periphery of the honing tool. Thus, with relatively high material removal rate, drilling forms can be produced, in which axial drilling segments of different diameter are contiguous with each other in axial direction.
    [0057] Figure 2 shows in 2A a longitudinal section through an execution of an annular tool 200 with a single annular cutting group 220 and simple expansion. Figure 2B shows a cross section through the cutting group. The annular tool 200 has a tool body 210 that defines a tool axis 212, which is simultaneously the axis of rotation of the annular tool during honing machining. At the end of the annular tool on the spindle side (in figure 2A above), there is a coupling structure, not shown in more detail, for the coupling of the annular tool to a drive bar of a honing machine or another machine machining, which has a working spindle, which is movable both rotating around the spindle axis and also swinging parallel to the spindle axis.
    [0058] At the end of the tool body opposite the spindle (in figure 2A below) there is the ring cutting group 220, which has several bodies of cutting material 220-1, 220-2, 220-3 evenly distributed across the periphery of the tool body, which can be advanced radially to the tool axis 212 outwards, with the aid of a cutting material body feed system, to press the abrasive action outer sides of the cutting material body with a pressure or compression force defined to the internal area of a drilling to be machined. Each of the three curved cutting material bodies shaped like an arc configured as a very broad honing segment in the peripheral direction, but narrow in the axial direction, covering a peripheral angle range between 115 ° and 120 °. The honing segments are decoupled from the tool body and can be moved radially relative to the tool axis 212. The ring formed by the honing segments ends flush on the side opposite the spindle with the tool body, so that the ring rests completely inside half of the tool body opposite the spindle at the end of the annular tool opposite the spindle.
    [0059] The axial LHS length of the honing segments is less than 15%, especially less than 10% of the drilling length L. The honing segments are about 4 mm to 35 mm, especially about 10 mm. height (in axial direction), which corresponds in the case of the example between 5% and 30%, especially between 10% and 20% of the active external diameter of the cutting group. The axial length LHS here corresponds simultaneously to the axial length of the entire cutting region of the honing tool.
    [0060] Each body of cutting material is fixed by welding to an external side of an associated steel bar 224-1, 224-2. Alternatively, the cutting material body can also be fixed by gluing or by means of screws, with which an easier exchange is possible. Each support bar has an inclined area on its inner side, which cooperates with a conical outer area of an axially displaceable feed cone 232 in such a way that the support bars are advanced radially outward with the bodies of cutting material through them. ported, when the feed cone is pressed by means of a feed device on the machine side against the force of recovery springs 234, 226, 228 towards the end of the annular tool opposite the spindle. During the opposite movement of advance, the support bars are retracted radially inward with the honing segments with the aid of peripheral recovery springs 226, 228. The radial position of the cutting material bodies is thus controlled, without play, by the axial position of the feed cone 232.
    [0061] This tool concept is especially suitable for machining cylinder bores with reduced honing surplus, for example, with a maximum of 5 mm honing surplus. Such geometries typically occur in blind hole drilling or in the monoblock or V-shaped motors.
    [0062] In figure 3 is shown an example of execution of an annular tool 300, which also has a single annular cutting group 320, which is arranged at the end of the front side, opposite the spindle, of the tool body 310. The figure 3A shows a longitudinal section through the ring tool. Figure 3B shows a cross section through the cutting group. Unlike the execution example in figure 2, it is, however, a honing tool with double expansion. The annular cutter group 320 has two groups of honing segments that can be moved independently of each other, with the honing segments of the groups arranged alternately in the peripheral direction. A first group of honing segments has three first honing segments 320-1 arranged respectively 120 ° peripherally out of phase with each other. Respectively in between, three second honing segments 320-2 of a second group of honing segments are arranged. The first group has bodies of cut material with a relatively thick cut pad, while the second group has bodies of cut material with a relatively thin cut pad. Between immediately neighboring honing segments, axial guide bars 326 are respectively arranged. Between the tool bodies 310 and the coupling structure 340 provided for coupling the honing tool to a work spindle or the like, a ball joint 350 is provided, so that the honing tool is limitedly movable relative to the honing spindle in multiple axes.
    [0063] The first honing segments can be radially advanced with the aid of a first advance system. It includes a first feed rod 332-I extending centrally in the tool body, which at the opposite end of the spindle has a tapered segment, which cooperates with the inclined areas of support bars of the first group of honing segments. A second feed system serves to feed the second group of honing segments and features a tubular feed element 332-A, which encloses the feed bar 332-I and has a tapered external area at the end opposite the spindle with sloping areas on the support bars of the second honing segments.
    [0064] With the aid of the first feed system, the three honing segments of the first group of honing segments can be expanded to perform a certain honing operation, for example, a smoothing honing operation or a structure honing operation . Instead of advancing the other group of honing segments, which have a different type of cutting pad, another honing operation can be performed, for example, a burr removal honing operation or a honing honing operation. plateau. With the aid of the annular tool with double expansion, two different honing operations can be carried out in succession, without making an intermediate tool change or using another honing spindle for machining.
    [0065] Figure 4 shows in 4A a schematic longitudinal section through a form of execution of an annular tool 400 with double expansion, which, unlike the example of execution in figure 3, presents two cutting groups 420-1 and 420- 2 annular, which are arranged axially out of step with each other in the part of the tool body 410 opposite the spindle. Each annular cutting group (cross section in figure 4B) has three honing segments that can be advanced together, covering between about 110 ° and 115 ° from the periphery, respectively. The axial length of the honing segments, on the contrary, is small and typically amounts to less than 10% of the drilling length and / or between 10% and 20% of the active outside diameter of the honing tool in the region of the material body. cutting. Between neighboring honing segments, 440 measuring nozzles of a pneumatic diameter measuring system are respectively arranged in the tool body. The cutting groups are axially close to each other, so that the cutting region of the burnishing tool, in which the two ring cutting groups are located, is essentially shorter in axial direction than the active external diameter of the cutting tool. burnish.
    [0066] In some embodiments, the cutting material bodies are mounted resiliently resilient with respect to the tool body. This can eventually improve the contour tracking capability when moving axially. For example, between the support elements and the cutting material bodies, spring elements (for example, leaf springs, helical pressure springs or the like) can be inserted. It is also possible to configure the support elements themselves which are resiliently resilient, for example, as weakening of the cross-section of the support material in the form of cracks or the like is provided for at appropriate points.
    [0067] There are different possibilities to produce using one or more ring tools of the type described in this application bottle-shaped perforations with a desired surface structure of the internal drilling area. A first example of execution is described in connection with figures 5 and 6.
    [0068] In this method variant, a conventional honing tool with narrow honing bars, which were axially relatively long, was initially used to produce a pre-machined drilling, for example, by fine drilling, to produce a burnished cylinder-shaped perforation. Circular. The axial bar length I then imported in about% to 2/3 of the entire drilling length L. In a first honing operation (previous honing) worked with diamond bars of type D107, a subsequent intermediate honing operation was performed with fine grain (D54 grain). An essentially cylindrical perforation form was thus produced with little divergence from the ideal shape and with a relatively smooth surface (Rz <8 μm). The honing surplus S on the inlet and outlet side then imported, like conventional methods, into about 1/3 of the bar length. The honing surplus can be reduced when machining monoblock or V-shaped motors.
    [0069] A third honing operation that followed was conceived as a honing operation in a bottle. With the aid of a honing operation in a bottle, a form of perforation in the shape of a bottle is produced by grinding a variable material with indeterminate geometric cuts. In the third honing operation (bottle honing operation), it was then worked equally with relatively long honing bars with bar length I = 2/3 L and a special stroke control, which will be explained based on figure 6. The figure 6 schematically shows the stroke position HP of the honing tool as a function of the honing time t when the honing operation in the bottle. After the honing tool has entered, the cylinder stroke area is machined initially from a first moment L to a second moment t2 with the same stroke length in a first stroke position precisely as when machining a circular cylindrical hole . The term "stroke position" then designates the region between the upper UO inversion point and the lower UU inversion point of an alternative movement. Each extension of an inversion point, therefore, also changes the stroke position.
    [0070] From a defined second t2 moment, the honing machine automatically switches to an incremental variation of the stroke position and, after each stroke, the upper UO inversion point is incrementally varied towards the UU inversion point. bottom. The time position of the second moment t2 can, for example, be defined by a certain number of strokes or by a predetermined honing time or by a predetermined thinning of material or another trigger parameter. The extent of the IB increment, in which the upper inversion point changes between two subsequent courses, can be adjusted according to demand. After the end of the travel displacement phase for a third moment B, the perforation is honed with the new third travel position reached until the second drilling segment reaches the desired diameter and the bottle shape is produced (cf. figure 1) .
    [0071] Depending on how the incremental variation of the course offset and the time course of the course offset are predetermined, different radii and tangent angles result in the transition segment. These parameters can therefore be predetermined by the travel offset parameters. The honing operation in the bottle is conveniently performed with honing bars, whose bodies of cutting material are thinner than those when previous honing or intermediate honing. For example, you can work with diamond grains in the D35 range, to obtain a bottle shape with a relatively thin surface structure.
    [0072] When producing the bottle shape with the aid of relatively long honing bars and incremental travel displacement, in the transition region, a relatively rough surface structure with small steps similar to a saw profile may result. Such structures are, as a rule, undesirable. In order to obtain the desired surface structure uniformly throughout the internal area of the perforation, including the transition segment and the radii thereafter, the rounding of the radii is therefore carried out, in the method described here, after the bottle honing operation. and smoothing the surface with the aid of an annular tool. Here, you can work again with finer cutting media, for example, in the range D10 to D15, especially D12. The selection of an appropriate annular tool (eg single expansion, double expansion with two cutting groups, arranged in a common ring, or double expansion with two cutting groups arranged in two axially offset annular cutting groups) depends, among others, the design of the cylinder block. Tool selection can, for example, be guided by the extent of possible honing surpluses and / or the position and size of the transverse perforations. When, for example, a cylinder crankcase has a large cross section, it is usually convenient to work with an annular tool with simple expansion (cf. for example, figure 2). In an example method, such an annular tool with an annular cutting group was used to smooth the resulting grooves or burrs when machining the bottle honing operation in the transition segment. With the aid of the annular tool, the radii of the transition region can also be rounded and the surface values so that they are essentially identical to the surface values in the first and third neighboring drilling segments are varied.
    [0073] Figure 7 then shows a measurement diagram of a rounded profile of a cylinder in the shape of a bottle after the use of an annular tool with simple expansion in the method presented here. The scaling on the x axis of the diagram (parallel to the drilling axis) matters by 5 mm per unit of measurement shown, on the y axis (in the radial direction of the drilling) it matters by a unit of measurement 10 μm.
    [0074] The use of an annular tool not only provides advantages here with respect to the smooth, edge-free course of the perforation contour in a radial direction. As with annular tools of the type described here, the cutting material bodies of an annular cutting group occupy a large part of the periphery of the honing tool (for example, between 70% and 80%), it also results when the honing tool , a very uniform overlap of the internal drilling area machined in all axial positions. The term "overlap" then qualitatively designates the uniformity of the distribution of the honing grooves over the entire length of the perforation and around the periphery. If conventional honing tools are used with relatively long axially honing bars, uneven roughness or undulation in the perforation can be generated. This problem can occur even more intensely depending on the block design, when, for example, engine blocks with shorter honing outputs must be processed. With a honing output of just a few millimeters in length, uneven wear of the long honing bars can occur, so that the perforation can receive a smaller diameter at the lower inversion point than at the upper inversion point. Such problems must in fact be largely avoided with the use of conventional honing tools (with long honing bars) by selecting appropriate honing parameters; but the projection of the corresponding honing methods is relatively expensive in time and cost. Often, several attempts must be made until a honing projection is so optimized that irregular machining is avoided with long bars. With the use of an annular tool, many of the problems that occur conventionally can be avoided. Among the advantages of annular tools include, among others: 1. Because a large part of the periphery of the honing tool is occupied in the region of an annular cutting group with bodies of cutting material, an internal drilling area can be structured with the aid of an annular tool much faster than with the aid of a bar tool. In this way, possible cycle times can be reduced. 2. By adjusting the stroke length, for example, to correct the shape, no disturbing irregularities in the roughness distribution result when using annular tools, as the overlap is maintained even with varying stroke length. 3. Annular cutting groups wear essentially evenly, so that unwanted conicities can be avoided, especially in the region of the lower inversion point when using annular tools. 4. The installation of a honing machine for a new honing method, using annular tools can occur much simpler and faster than using conventional bar honing tools. Conditioned by the construction of the tool, the overlap is sufficiently uniform within the requirements.
    [0075] Being used, instead of an annular tool with simple expansion, an annular tool with a single cutting group ring and double expansion (cf. for example, figure 3) for the structuring, as a rule it is necessary to increase the stroke number with respect to the use of a simple annular expansion tool to ensure uniform overlap. The advantages of annular tools remain, however, and the required number of strokes for a uniform structuring of the internal drilling area will always be even smaller than the corresponding number of strokes with the use of a conventional honing tool with long honing bars.
    [0076] With the use of an annular tool, the feed force can be conveniently exerted by means of a hydraulic expansion, so that the surface can be machined essentially with constant force. The contour accompaniment varying in axial direction can then be adjusted by the type of construction conditioned only by the resilience of the hydraulic expansion.
    [0077] After smoothing the internal drilling area and rounding the spokes with the help of a honing tool, one or more other honing operations can be post-connected to produce the definitive surface structure desired in bottle-shaped drilling .
    [0078] In the method described here by way of example, initially a fifth honing operation follows, which is here called "honing of spiral structure with annular tool". In this honing operation, the axial speeds and the number of revolutions of the honing tool are so adjusted that they produce relatively large honing angles, for example in the order of magnitude around 140 °. Of course, in other variants of the method, other honing angles and / or roughness profiles can also be produced. The honing of the spiral structure is so designed in the case of the example that the overall roughing of material is practically no longer aimed at, but only on the very smooth surface after rounding with the help of a body of relatively coarse cut material with low density of cut grain, grooves of appropriate depth and distribution are produced. For example, bodies of cutting material with a cutting material grain density of 1.25 to 15% by volume can be used without employees. and / or grain size of 35 to 200 μm (cf. for example, DE 10 2005 018 277 A1).
    [0079] Then, in a sixth and last honing operation, the previously structured surface is still released from burrs (burr removal honing). For this purpose, preferably, an annular tool with fine cutting means is also used, for example, the same annular tool that was also used for the fourth honing operation (radius rounding and smoothing honing). Here you can work with different types of expansion. The expansion type can be designed hydraulic / hydraulic, hydraulic / mechanical or mechanical / mechanical. With a mechanical expansion, for example, an expansion controlled by force by servomechanism (hydraulic) or controlled by position and force can be conducted.
    [0080] In an alternative method variant, in the operation of honing in a bottle, therefore when producing a bottle drilling form from a previously circular cylindrical drilling form, an expandable annular tool can be used. For this purpose, it is foreseen that the control of the expansion system for the radial advance of the honing segments is coupled with the control for the honing position, so that the annular tool can precisely generate the transition segment with its own variable diameter and also work on the first and second cylindrical drilling segments with an appropriate compression shape (see figure 8). The honing operation in the bottle can be envisaged as a second honing operation immediately after the previous honing and, to that extent, replaces the second to fourth honing operations of the first execution example. The control of the expansion according to the stroke then occurs in such a way that the honing segments of the cutting group, with a descending stroke corresponding to the shape of the bottle, depending on the stroke position, are advanced controlled in path and force radially outward , and with an upward stroke corresponding to the bottle shape, depending on the stroke position, again retracted radially in the region of the transition segment. Thus, a smooth contour path in the transition segment can be obtained from the beginning.
    [0081] In the honing machine this can be achieved as certain stroke regions corresponding to the first to third drilling segments are fed into the control program, so that the cutting group is expanded by controlled expansion in path and force when ascending from the end of the first drilling segment. On an upward stroke, the expansion of the cutting group then returns from the end of the drilling third, so that the desired programmed bottle-shaped cylinder is generated. Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram for this purpose, showing the dependence of the axial stroke position HP (solid line) and the radial expansion position AP (dashed line) as a function of the honing time t with honing in the bottle with annular tool.
    [0082] Annular tools of the type described here can be used not only for the production or machining of bottle-shaped perforations, but also provide considerable advantages without modification when machining perforations with other geometry. For example, it is possible to employ an annular tool with double expansion and a single cutting group ring in the same or similar way to the execution example of figure 3 to produce in a perforation a free form with a non-round perforation cross section. This is usually called form honing. For example, with the aid of the annular tool, a perforation segment with the shape of a clover leaf or ellipse of the cross section can be produced. For this purpose, the honing machine must be able to simultaneously control the first feed system and the second feed system, and, depending on the stroke position and the angle position of the cutting group with respect to the drilling, they must be the expansions are controlled with different strength / position, so that the free form can result.
    [0083] It is also possible to produce and / or machine with a tool to annul a form of perforation, which presents a perforation segment in the form of a cone trunk (cone segment), which passes relatively abruptly or with a transition radius to a contiguous cylindrical drilling segment without another drilling segment following. Thus, for example, a funnel-shaped perforation can be produced, which has a first cylindrical perforation segment, on the inlet side, with a first diameter, which conically increases to a maximum diameter in a second contiguous perforation segment for the drilling base. The difference in diameter between the first cylindrical drilling segment and the maximum diameter in the second conical drilling segment can be, for example, between about 20 μm and about 90 μm. The axial length of the first cylindrical drilling segment can be, for example, between 20% and 80% of the entire drilling length.
    [0084] In addition, it is possible with the aid of an annular tool to produce a drilling segment in the shape of a barrel, that is, a bulging in a drilling that is also largely cylindrical. The bulging can be located in the middle or in the vicinity of one end of the perforation.
    [0085] With the use of an annular tool, it is also possible to relatively inexpensively machine a cylinder bearing area in such a way that in the region of the upper dead center and / or in the region of the lower dead area there are narrow strips with other structures of higher piston speed surface than in the middle region. This variant is here called "honing in strips". A conventional method for this purpose and a correspondingly suitable honing tool are described, for example, in DE 195 42 892 C2. There, in addition to a honing machining, which machines the entire axial length of the machining tool with long machining bars, a short stroke honing machining is carried out with the help of costly machining bars, and this honing machining covers only the upper neutral or lower neutral region.
    [0086] Using an annular tool with double expansion and two axially offset cutting groups (cf. for example, figure 4) corresponding surface machining is also possible. For example, with the first annular cutting group, long stroke machining of the entire drilling length can be carried out, before, for example, with the second cutting group, a machining operation is carried out in the upper neutral region. short stroke to produce a special structure in the upper dead center region.
    [0087] With corresponding variable control of the relationship between stroke frequency and rotation frequency of the working spindle, such a honing of the strip with different honing angles in different axial drilling segments can also be obtained in a simple way (cf. example, figure 4 of DE 10 2007 032 370 A1).
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. Honing method for machining the internal area of a bore in a tool with the aid of at least one honing operation, especially for honing cylinder bearing areas during the production of cylinder blocks or cylinder liners for piston engines alternative, and during an honing operation, an expandable honing tool is moved up and down inside the perforation to produce an alternate movement in the axial direction of the perforation and, simultaneously, rotated to produce a rotation motion combined with the reciprocating movement, being that a form of perforation divergent from the shape of a circular cylinder, characterized by the fact that a perforation in the form of a bottle is produced, the said perforation that has, after a perforation inlet, a first segment drill bit with a first diameter, a second drill segment with a second diameter, which is larger than the first diameter, away from the drilling entrance, and a transition segment with a continuous transition from the first diameter to the second diameter between the first and the second drilling segment, with an annular tool being used for at least one honing operation ( 200, 300, 400), which has at least one annular cutting group (220, 320, 420) with three or more bodies of cutting material, distributed along the periphery of a tool body, and radially advancing by displacement in the radial direction during feeding and are configured as honing segments that are wide in the peripheral direction and narrow in the axial direction, with an axial length of the honing segments, as measured in the axial direction, being less than the width measured in the peripheral direction, and the axial length of the cutting region equipped with cutting material bodies is less than the active outside diameter of the burnishing tool.
    [0002]
    2. Honing method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that first a perforation is produced having a circular cylindrical perforation and then, in a bottle honing operation, a perforation in the form of a bottle is produced by honing with axially variable honing roughing.
    [0003]
    3. Honing method, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that in the operation of honing in bottle, an expandable tool with at least one annular cutting group is used, with honing segments of the cutting group being radially advanced during a downward stroke in correspondence to the bottle shape depending on the stroke position and are radially retracted during an upward stroke in correspondence to the bottle shape depending on the stroke position.
    [0004]
    4. Honing method, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that during the honing operation in bottle, an expandable honing tool with honing bars is used, the length of which is more than 50% of the perforation length, since, in a first phase, the honing tool is moved up and down between an upper and lower inversion point in a first stroke position, then, in a second phase, the upper inversion point is incrementally varied in the direction of the lower inversion point, and thus the stroke position is shifted towards a second stroke position in the region of the second drilling segment, and then, in a third phase, the honing tool is moved up and down down in the second stroke position.
    [0005]
    5. Honing method according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that after the honing operation in bottle, a smoothing honing operation is carried out to smooth the perforation profile in the transition region, whereas in the honing operation smoothing tool an expandable honing tool with at least one annular cutting group is employed, and preferably, during the smoothing honing operation, the bodies of cutting material are pressed with constant feed force against the internal area of the perforation .
    [0006]
    6. Honing tool, especially for performing the honing method as defined in any of the preceding claims, with a tool body (210, 310, 410), which defines a tool axis, at least one cutting group (220 , 320, 420) which is attached to the tool body and has cutting material bodies for machining with material roughing from the inside area of a drilling, and a cutting group feed system associated with the cutting group for application of a Feed force acting radially to the tool axis on the cutting material bodies of the cutting group, characterized by the fact that the honing tool (200, 300, 400) is designed as an annular tool and has at least one group of annular cut (220, 320, 420) with three or more bodies of cutting material (220-1, 220-2, 220-3), distributed along the periphery of the tool body and radially advancing by displacement in the radial direction during feeding and configured as honing segments that are wide in the peripheral direction and narrow in the axial direction, with an axial length (LHS) of the honing segments, as measured in the axial direction, being less than the width measured in the peripheral direction and the axial length of the cutting region equipped with bodies of cutting material is smaller than the effective outer diameter of the honing tool, in which the annular tool (200, 300) has a single annular cutting group (220, 320), which is disposed of preferably at a free end of the tool body (210, 310).
    [0007]
    7. Honing tool according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the axial length of the honing segments is less than 30% of the effective outer diameter of the honing tool, especially between 10% and 20% of that outer diameter , and / or where the axial length of the honing segments is in the range of 5 mm to 20 mm and / or where the axial length of the honing segments is less than 10% of the perforation length of the perforation to be burnished.
    [0008]
    8. Honing tool according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that more than half of the periphery of a cutting group (220, 320, 420) annular, especially more than 70% of that periphery, is occupied with cutting material bodies.
    [0009]
    A honing tool according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that a cutting group consists of three, four, five or six honing segments.
    [0010]
    Hone tool according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the cutting group (220, 320, 420) is so arranged in the vicinity of an end opposite the spindle of the tool body that the cutting group is located exclusively on the opposite half of the spindle of the tool body.
    [0011]
    Burnishing tool according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that an annular cutting group (320) has two groups of burnishing segments (320-1, 320-2) that can be moved independently of each other , and honing segments of the groups are alternately arranged in a peripheral direction.
    [0012]
    Burnishing tool according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the burnishing tool (400) has a first ring cutting group (420-1) and at least one second ring cutting group (420-2), which is arranged axially out of step with the first annular cutting group and advances independently of the first annular cutting group, with the annular tool preferably having precisely two annular cutting groups.
    [0013]
    13. Honing tool according to any one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the honing tool contains one or more sensors from a diameter measurement system, with measuring nozzles (440) from one pneumatic diameter measuring system are in each case attached to the tool body, preferably between adjacent honing segments.
    [0014]
    14. Honing tool according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that an integrated joint, movable on several axes, especially a spherical joint (350) is provided in the tool body.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2976184B2|2020-11-11|
    DE102013204714A1|2014-10-02|
    ES2652645T3|2018-02-05|
    US20160303702A1|2016-10-20|
    JP6092461B2|2017-03-08|
    PL2976184T3|2018-03-30|
    CN105246649B|2018-01-05|
    ES2652645T5|2021-08-02|
    WO2014146919A1|2014-09-25|
    EP2976184A1|2016-01-27|
    DE202014010306U1|2015-03-06|
    EP2976184B1|2017-10-04|
    CN105246649A|2016-01-13|
    KR20150132548A|2015-11-25|
    KR101844124B1|2018-03-30|
    PL2976184T5|2021-04-19|
    SI2976184T1|2018-02-28|
    BR112015023549A2|2017-07-18|
    SI2976184T2|2021-03-31|
    HUE035781T2|2018-05-28|
    JP2016516595A|2016-06-09|
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-19| B09W| Decision of grant: rectification|Free format text: RETIFICACAO DO DEFERIMENTO NOTIFICADO NA RPI 2605 DE 08/12/2020. |
    2021-02-02| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/03/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013204714.2A|DE102013204714A1|2013-03-18|2013-03-18|Honing process and honing tool|
    DE102013204714.2|2013-03-18|
    PCT/EP2014/054542|WO2014146919A1|2013-03-18|2014-03-10|Honing method and honing tool|
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